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TREC Forms 41-3 & 12-3

Texas Loan Assumption: TREC 41-3 and the Release of Liability (12-3)

Assuming a low-rate loan protects the buyer's payment. It does nothing for the seller unless a second form is attached.

By Heath Shepard, Texas REALTOR® Updated 2026-08-06

Two TREC forms cover the assumption side of a transaction, and the first one directly names the second: the Loan Assumption Addendum (TREC No. 41-3), dated 11-07-2022 and replacing TREC No. 41-2, and the Addendum for Release of Liability on Assumed Loan and/or Restoration of Seller's VA Entitlement (TREC No. 12-3), dated 12-05-11 and replacing TREC No. 12-2.

41-3 — the buyer's side: credit and the assumption terms

Paragraph A requires the buyer to deliver credit documentation within a negotiated window — a credit report, employment/salary verification, verification of funds on deposit, a current financial statement, and an open "other" line, the same checkbox structure as the Seller Financing Addendum. One difference: the buyer authorizes the credit reporting agency to furnish reports to both the seller and the noteholder(s) of the loan(s) being assumed. Paragraph B mirrors seller financing's credit-approval mechanics: if documentation is missing or the seller finds the buyer's credit unacceptable (seller's sole discretion), the seller can terminate and the earnest money is refunded to buyer; if the seller doesn't act in time, credit is deemed approved.

Paragraph C is where the actual notes get identified: a first lien note payable to a named noteholder, the unpaid balance at closing, the total current monthly payment (principal, interest, and any reserve deposits), and — separately — a second lien note if one exists, structured the same way. If the actual unpaid balance at closing varies from the stated figure, the form lets the parties choose whether the cash payable at closing or the Sales Price absorbs the difference; if the total variance across all assumed loans exceeds a negotiated dollar cap, either party may terminate unless the other elects to cover the excess.

Buyer's escape hatches under 41-3

Paragraph D gives the buyer termination rights, earnest money refunded, if the noteholder requires: an assumption fee above a negotiated cap and the seller declines to cover the excess; an interest rate increase above a negotiated ceiling; or any other modification of the loan documents. Paragraph E adds a broader one — if the noteholder simply refuses to consent to the assumption at all, either party may terminate and earnest money goes back to the buyer.

The seller's exposure — and the direct pointer to 12-3

Paragraph F states that unless the seller is released from liability on the assumed note, a vendor's lien and deed of trust securing the assumption will be required (automatically released once the noteholder delivers an executed release). The form spells this out in a bolded NOTICE TO SELLER: "Your liability to pay the notes assumed by Buyer will continue unless you obtain a release of liability from the noteholders. If you are concerned about future liability, you should use the TREC Release of Liability Addendum." That's TREC No. 12-3.

The form also carries a plain DUE ON SALE NOTICE: any assumed note or its deed of trust may contain a "due on sale" clause letting the noteholder declare the balance immediately due upon a conveyance the noteholder doesn't consent to.

12-3 — releasing the seller, restoring VA entitlement

TREC No. 12-3 has two independent sections, either or both of which can apply:

VA restoration has a hard condition, printed on the form: "VA will not restore Seller's VA entitlement unless Buyer: (a) is a veteran, (b) has sufficient unused VA entitlement and (c) is otherwise qualified." If the buyer doesn't meet all three, Paragraph B can't accomplish what the seller wants — the form advises using both A and B together when restoration is the goal.

Under 12-3, the seller pays the cost of securing both the release and the restoration, and the seller's deed will contain any loan assumption clause required by FHA, VA, or the lender.

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Frequently asked

What is the difference between TREC 41-3 and TREC 12-3? +
TREC 41-3, the Loan Assumption Addendum, sets up the buyer's assumption of the seller's existing note — credit approval, the loan terms being assumed, and the buyer's termination rights. TREC 12-3 is a separate addendum that releases the seller from continuing liability on that note (and/or restores the seller's VA entitlement) — it's not automatic under 41-3 alone.
Is the seller automatically released from liability when a buyer assumes their loan? +
No. TREC 41-3 states in a bolded notice that the seller's liability continues unless the seller obtains a release of liability from the noteholders, and directs sellers to "the TREC Release of Liability Addendum" — TREC No. 12-3 — if that's a concern.
What conditions does VA require to restore a seller's entitlement? +
Per TREC 12-3's own notice: VA will not restore the seller's entitlement unless the buyer is a veteran, has sufficient unused VA entitlement, and is otherwise qualified.
What happens if the noteholder won't consent to the loan assumption? +
Under TREC 41-3 Paragraph E, either party may terminate the contract if the noteholder fails to consent to the assumption, and the earnest money is refunded to the buyer.
What is a "due on sale" clause, and does it apply to assumed loans? +
TREC 41-3 carries a direct notice: an assumed note or its deed of trust may contain a due-on-sale clause letting the noteholder declare the note immediately due and payable upon a conveyance the noteholder didn't consent to. If the noteholder refuses to consent to the sale and assumption, it may have the right to call the entire note due in full.